如何在Android中將ArrayList儲存到SharedPreferences?
在學習如何使用Shared Preferences儲存ArrayList之前,我們應該瞭解Android中的Shared Preferences是什麼。使用Shared Preferences,我們可以以鍵值對的形式儲存或檢索值。Shared Preferences中有五種不同的方法,如下所示:
Edit() − 用於編輯Shared Preferences的值。
commit() − 將Shared Preferences的值提交到xml檔案。
apply() − 將編輯器中的更改提交回Shared Preferences。
remove(String key) − 使用鍵從Shared Preferences中刪除鍵值對。
Put() − 將鍵值對新增到Shared Preferences xml。
Shared Preferences的示例語法如下所示:
final SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("USER",MODE_PRIVATE);
在上面的語法中,我們建立了一個名為USER.xml的Shared Preferences檔案,它是私有模式,這意味著其他應用程式無法訪問此Shared Preferences。
以下示例演示如何在Android中使用Shared Preferences。
步驟1 − 在Android Studio中建立一個新專案,轉到檔案 ⇒ 新建專案,並填寫所有必需的詳細資訊以建立新專案。
步驟2 − 將以下程式碼新增到res/layout/activity_main.xml。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android:orientation = "vertical" tools:context = ".MainActivity" tools:layout_editor_absoluteY = "81dp"> <EditText android:id = "@+id/name" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "60dp" android:layout_marginTop = "8dp" android:autofillHints = "" android:hint = "NAME" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "parent" tools:layout_editor_absoluteX = "0dp" /> <EditText android:id = "@+id/address" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop = "84dp" android:hint = "Phone Number" android:importantForAutofill = "no" android:inputType = "" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "@+id/name" tools:layout_editor_absoluteX = "16dp" tools:targetApi = "o" /> <Button android:id = "@+id/button" android:layout_width = "108dp" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_marginStart = "8dp" android:layout_marginLeft = "8dp" android:layout_marginTop = "120dp" android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp" android:layout_marginRight = "8dp" android:gravity = "center_horizontal" android:text = "Save" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias = "0.503" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "@+id/address" /> <Button android:id = "@+id/read" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_marginStart = "8dp" android:layout_marginLeft = "8dp" android:layout_marginTop = "88dp" android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp" android:layout_marginRight = "8dp" android:gravity = "center_horizontal" android:text = "read" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/button" /> <TextView android:id = "@+id/result" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "0dp" android:layout_marginStart = "8dp" android:layout_marginLeft = "8dp" android:layout_marginTop = "184dp" android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp" android:layout_marginRight = "8dp" android:text = "result" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/button" /> </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
在上面的xml中,它包含兩個用於姓名和地址的EditText,當用戶點選儲存按鈕時,它將值作為陣列儲存在Shared Preferences中,當用戶點選讀取按鈕時,它將讀取Shared Preferences中陣列中的值。
步驟3 − 將以下程式碼新增到src/MainActivity.java
package com.example.andy.myapplication; import android.annotation.SuppressLint; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import com.google.gson.Gson; import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken; import java.lang.reflect.Type; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); final ArrayList<String> arrPackage; setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); final SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("USER",MODE_PRIVATE); final EditText name = findViewById(R.id.name); final EditText address = findViewById(R.id.address); final TextView result = findViewById(R.id.result); Button save = findViewById(R.id.button); Button read = findViewById(R.id.read); arrPackage = new ArrayList<>(); read.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @SuppressLint("LongLogTag") @Override public void onClick(View v) { Gson gson = new Gson(); String json = sharedPreferences.getString("Set", ""); if (json.isEmpty()) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"There is something error",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } else { Type type = new TypeToken<List<String>>() { }.getType(); List<String> arrPackageData = gson.fromJson(json, type); for(String data:arrPackageData) { result.setText(data); } } } }); save.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { if(name.getText().toString().isEmpty() && address.getText().toString().isEmpty()) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Plz Enter all the data",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); }else{ String nameData = name.getText().toString().trim(); String addressData = address.getText().toString().trim(); arrPackage.add(nameData); arrPackage.add(addressData); Gson gson = new Gson(); String json = gson.toJson(arrPackage); SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit(); editor.putString("Set",json ); editor.commit(); } } }); }
在上面的程式碼中,我們將ArrayList轉換為GSON,並將GSON資料作為字串獲取。
步驟4 − 要訪問GSON,我們需要在build.gradle中新增GSON庫,如下所示:
apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 28 defaultConfig { applicationId "com.example.andy.myapplication" minSdkVersion 15 targetSdkVersion 28 versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" } buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } } } dependencies { implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.5' implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:28.0.0' implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.1.3' testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12' androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2' androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2'
步驟5 − 無需更改manifest.xml,讓我們嘗試執行您的應用程式。
我假設您已將您的實際Android移動裝置連線到您的計算機。要在Android Studio中執行應用程式,請開啟您的專案中的一個activity檔案,然後點選執行 工具欄中的圖示。選擇您的移動裝置作為選項,然後檢查您的移動裝置,它將顯示您的預設螢幕:
在上面的示例中,我們添加了姓名和地址,然後點選了儲存按鈕。
在上面的示例中,我們點選了讀取按鈕。它會將文字新增到TextView中。