C++ 程式實現棧


在本程式中我們將看到如何使用 C++ 實現棧。棧是一種包含元素集合的抽象資料結構。棧實現 LIFO 機制,即:最後壓入的元素首先彈出。棧中的部分主要操作有 -

  • 壓入 - 將資料值新增到棧頂。

  • 彈出 - 刪除棧頂的資料值

  • 取頂 - 返回棧頂資料值

實現棧的程式如下所示。

Input: Push elements 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66
Output: Pop elements 66, 55, 44, 33, 22, 11

演算法

push(item)

Begin
   increase the top pointer by 1
   insert item into the location top
End

pop()

Begin
   item = top element from stack
   reduce top pointer by 1
   return item
End

peek()

Begin
   item = top element from stack
   return item
End

示例程式碼

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int stack[100], n = 100, top = -1;
void push(int val) {
   if(top >= n-1)
      cout<<"Stack Overflow"<<endl;
   else {
      top++;
      stack[top] = val;
   }
}
void pop() {
   if(top <= -1)
      cout<<"Stack Underflow"<<endl;
   else {
      cout<<"The popped element is "<< stack[top] <<endl;
      top--;
   }
}
void display() {
   if(top>= 0) {
      cout<<"Stack elements are:";
      for(int i = top; i>= 0; i--)
         cout<<stack[i]<<" ";
      cout<<endl;
   } else
      cout<<"Stack is empty";
}
int main() {
   int ch, val;
   cout<<"1) Push in stack"<<endl;
   cout<<"2) Pop from stack"<<endl;
   cout<<"3) Display stack"<<endl;
   cout<<"4) Exit"<<endl;
   do {
      cout<<"Enter choice: "<<endl;
      cin>>ch;
      switch(ch) {
         case 1: {
            cout<<"Enter value to be pushed:"<<endl;
            cin>>val;
            push(val);
            break;
         }
         case 2: {
            pop();
            break;
         }
         case 3: {
            display();
            break;
         }
         case 4: {
            cout<<"Exit"<<endl;
            break;
         }
         default: {
            cout<<"Invalid Choice"<<endl;
         }
      }
   }while(ch! = 4);
   return 0;
}

輸出

1) Push in stack
2) Pop from stack
3) Display stack
4) Exit

Enter choice: 1
Enter value to be pushed: 2
Enter choice: 1
Enter value to be pushed: 6
Enter choice: 1
Enter value to be pushed: 8
Enter choice: 1
Enter value to be pushed: 7
Enter choice: 2
The popped element is 7
Enter choice: 3
Stack elements are:8 6 2
Enter choice: 5
Invalid Choice
Enter choice: 4
Exit

更新於: 30-Jul-2019

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