大數的階乘
在計算機中,變數儲存在記憶體位置。但記憶體位置的大小是固定的,所以當我們要找到一些更大值(例如 15!或 20!)的階乘時,階乘值將超出記憶體範圍並返回錯誤結果。
對於大數的計算,我們必須使用陣列來儲存結果。在陣列的每個元素中,都儲存結果的不同位數。但這裡我們無法直接將某些數字與陣列相乘,我們必須對結果陣列的所有位數執行手動乘法過程。
輸入和輸出
Input: A big number: 50 Output: Factorial of given number is: 30414093201713378043612608166064768844377641568960512000000000000
演算法
multiply(x, multiplicand)
輸入:數字 x,和作為陣列的大乘數。
輸出:相乘後的結果。
Begin carry := 0 for all digits i of multiplicand, do prod := i*x+carry i := prod mod 10 carry := prod / 10 done while carry ≠ 0, do insert (carry mod 10) at the end of multiplicand array carry := carry/10 done End
factorial(n)
輸入:數字 n。
輸出:求 n 的階乘。
Begin define result array. insert 1 in the result for i := 2 to n, do multiply(i, result) done reverse the result return result End
範例
#include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<algorithm> using namespace std; void multiply(int x, vector<int>&multiplicand) { //multiply multiplicand with x int carry = 0; // Initialize carry to 0 vector<int>::iterator i; for (i=multiplicand.begin(); i!=multiplicand.end(); i++) { //multiply x with all digit of multiplicand int prod = (*i) * x + carry; *i = prod % 10; //put only the last digit of product carry = prod/10; //add remaining part with carry } while (carry) { //when carry is present multiplicand.push_back(carry%10); carry = carry/10; } } void factorial(int n) { vector<int> result; result.push_back(1); //at first store 1 as result for (int i=2; i<=n; i++) multiply(i, result); //multiply numbers 1*2*3*......*n cout << "Factorial of given number is: "<<endl; reverse(result.begin(), result.end()); vector<int>::iterator it; //reverse the order of result for(it = result.begin(); it != result.end(); it++) cout << *it; } int main() { factorial(50); }
輸出
Factorial of given number is: 30414093201713378043612608166064768844377641568960512000000000000
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