為什麼 Java 中子類沒有繼承父類的私有例項變數?
當類宣告私有例項變數時,在嘗試這樣做時是無法在其他類中訪問這些變數的,編譯時會生成一個錯誤。
但是,如果你繼承了包含該類所有其他成員的私有欄位的類,那麼這些私有變數也會被繼承,並且子類可以使用。
但是,你無法直接訪問它們,如果你這樣做,編譯時會生成一個錯誤。
示例
class Person{ private String name; public Person(String name){ this.name = name; } public void displayPerson() { System.out.println("Data of the Person class: "); System.out.println("Name: "+this.name); } } public class Student extends Person { public Student(String name){ super(name); } public void displayStudent() { System.out.println("Data of the Student class: "); System.out.println("Name: "+super.name); } public static void main(String[] args) { Student std = new Student("Krishna"); } }
編譯時錯誤
Student.java:17: error: name has private access in Person System.out.println("Name: "+super.name); ^ 1 error
要訪問父類的私有成員,你需要使用設定器和獲取器方法,並使用子類物件呼叫它們。
示例
class Person{ private String name; public Person(String name){ this.name = name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return this.name; } public void displayPerson() { System.out.println("Data of the Person class: "); System.out.println("Name: "+this.name); } } public class Student extends Person { public Student(String name){ super(name); } public void displayStudent() { System.out.println("Data of the Student class: "); } public static void main(String[] args) { Student std = new Student("Krishna"); System.out.println(std.getName()); } }
輸出
Krishna
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