Java 中這個關鍵字有什麼用?
Java 中的 "this" 關鍵字是對當前類物件的引用。使用它,您可以引用類的欄位、方法或建構函式。
使用 "this" 關鍵字引用欄位
如上所述,您可以使用 "this" 關鍵字從例項方法或建構函式中引用類的例項欄位/變數。
即,如果一個方法有一個與例項變數同名的區域性變數,那麼您可以使用 this 關鍵字區分例項變數和區域性變數。
示例
在下面的 Java 示例中,Student 類有兩個私有欄位 name 和 age,以及 setter 和 getter 方法。setter 方法具有與例項變數同名的區域性變數,我們使用 "this" 關鍵字來區分它們。
public class Student { private String name; private int age; public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void display() { System.out.println("name: "+getName()); System.out.println("age: "+getAge()); } public static void main(String args[]) { //Reading values from user Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter the name of the student: "); String name = sc.nextLine(); System.out.println("Enter the age of the student: "); int age = sc.nextInt(); //Calling the setter and getter methods ThisExample obj = new ThisExample(); obj.setName(name); obj.setAge(age); obj.display(); } }
輸出
Enter the name of the student: Krishna Enter the age of the student: 22 name: Krishna age: 22
使用 "this" 關鍵字引用建構函式
您還可以使用 "this" 關鍵字(顯式地)從另一個建構函式中引用/呼叫類的建構函式。
示例
在下面的示例中,Student 類有兩個私有變數 name 和 age。在這裡,我們編寫了四個建構函式:一個接受兩個變數的建構函式,一個只接受 name 的建構函式,一個只接受 age 的建構函式,一個不接受任何變數的建構函式。
在每個建構函式中,我們都使用 this 關鍵字呼叫引數化建構函式(接受兩個變數的建構函式)。
public class StudentData { private String name; private int age; public StudentData(String name, int age){ this.name = name; this.age = age; } public StudentData(){ this(null, 0); } public StudentData(String name) { this(name, 0); } public StudentData(int age) { this(null, age); } public void display(){ System.out.println("Name of the Student: "+this.name ); System.out.println("Age of the Student: "+this.age ); } public static void main(String args[]) { //Reading values from user Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter the name of the student: "); String name = sc.nextLine(); System.out.println("Enter the age of the student: "); int age = sc.nextInt(); System.out.println(" "); //Calling the constructor that accepts both values System.out.println("Display method of constructor that accepts both values: "); new StudentData(name, age).display(); System.out.println(" "); //Calling the constructor that accepts name System.out.println("Display method of constructor that accepts only name:"); new StudentData(name).display(); System.out.println(" "); //Calling the constructor that accepts age System.out.println("Display method of constructor that accepts only age: "); new StudentData(age).display(); System.out.println(" "); //Calling the default constructor System.out.println("Display method of default constructor: "); new StudentData().display(); } }
輸出
Enter the name of the student: Krishna Enter the age of the student: 22 Display method of constructor that accepts both values: Name of the Student: Krishna Age of the Student: 22 Display method of constructor that accepts only name: Name of the Student: Krishna Age of the Student: 0 Display method of constructor that accepts only age: Name of the Student: null Age of the Student: 22 Display method of default constructor: Name of the Student: null Age of the Student: 0
使用 "this" 關鍵字引用方法
您還可以使用 this 從另一個例項方法中呼叫(例項)方法。
示例
在下面的示例中,Student 類有一個私有變數 name,以及 setter 和 getter 方法,使用 setter 方法我們為 name 變數賦值。並且我們從名為 display() 的例項方法中使用 "this" 關鍵字呼叫了 getter 方法。
public class ThisExample_Method { private String name; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void display() { System.out.println("name: "+this.getName()); } public static void main(String args[]) { ThisExample_Method obj = new ThisExample_Method(); Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter the name of the student: "); String name = sc.nextLine(); obj.setName(name); obj.display(); } }
輸出
Enter the name of the student: Krishna name: Krishna
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