C++ 中的醜數
醜數是指質因數僅為 2、3 或 5 的數。在 1 至 15 之間有 11 個醜數:1、2、3、4、5、6、8、9、10、12、15。7、11、13 不是醜數,因為它們是質數。14 也不是醜數,因為它的質因數中包含 7。因此,假設我們想找到第 10 個醜數,答案將是 12。
我們來看一下以下演算法,以獲得一個概念 -
演算法
getUglyNumbers(n)
輸入 - 項數。
輸出 - 找出第 n 個醜數。
Begin define array named uglyNum of size n i2 := 0, i3 := 0, i5 := 0 next2mul := 2, next3mul := 3, next5Mul := 5 next := 1 ugluNum[0] := 1 for i := 1 to n, do next := minimum of next2Mul, next3Mul and next5Mul uglyNum[i] := next if next = next2Mul, then i2 := i2 + 1 next2mul := uglyNum[i2] * 2 if next = next3Mul, then i3 := i3 + 1 next3mul := uglyNum[i3] * 3 if next = next5Mul, then i5 := i5 + 1 next5mul := uglyNum[i5] * 5 done return next End
示例(C++)
# include<iostream> using namespace std; int min(int x, int y, int z){ //find smallest among three numbers if(x < y){ if(x < z) return x; else return z; } else{ if(y < z) return y; else return z; } } int getUglyNum(int n){ int uglyNum[n]; // To store ugly numbers int i2 = 0, i3 = 0, i5 = 0; //find next multiple as 1*2, 1*3, 1*5 int next2mul = 2; int next3mul = 3; int next5mul = 5; int next = 1; //initially the ugly number is 1 uglyNum[0] = 1; for (int i=1; i<n; i++){ next = min(next2mul, next3mul, next5mul); //find next ugly number uglyNum[i] = next; if (next == next2mul){ i2++; //increase iterator of ugly numbers whose factor is 2 next2mul = uglyNum[i2]*2; } if (next == next3mul){ i3++; //increase iterator of ugly numbers whose factor is 3 next3mul = uglyNum[i3]*3; } if (next == next5mul){ i5++; //increase iterator of ugly numbers whose factor is 5 next5mul = uglyNum[i5]*5; } } return next; //the nth ugly number } int main(){ int n; cout << "Enter term: "; cin >> n; cout << n << "th Ugly number is: " << getUglyNum(n)<< endl; }
輸入
10
輸出
Enter term: 10 10th Ugly number is: 12
廣告