C++ 中的醜數
醜數是指質因數僅為 2、3 或 5 的數。在 1 至 15 之間有 11 個醜數:1、2、3、4、5、6、8、9、10、12、15。7、11、13 不是醜數,因為它們是質數。14 也不是醜數,因為它的質因數中包含 7。因此,假設我們想找到第 10 個醜數,答案將是 12。
我們來看一下以下演算法,以獲得一個概念 -
演算法
getUglyNumbers(n)
輸入 - 項數。
輸出 - 找出第 n 個醜數。
Begin define array named uglyNum of size n i2 := 0, i3 := 0, i5 := 0 next2mul := 2, next3mul := 3, next5Mul := 5 next := 1 ugluNum[0] := 1 for i := 1 to n, do next := minimum of next2Mul, next3Mul and next5Mul uglyNum[i] := next if next = next2Mul, then i2 := i2 + 1 next2mul := uglyNum[i2] * 2 if next = next3Mul, then i3 := i3 + 1 next3mul := uglyNum[i3] * 3 if next = next5Mul, then i5 := i5 + 1 next5mul := uglyNum[i5] * 5 done return next End
示例(C++)
# include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int min(int x, int y, int z){ //find smallest among three numbers
if(x < y){
if(x < z)
return x;
else
return z;
}
else{
if(y < z)
return y;
else
return z;
}
}
int getUglyNum(int n){
int uglyNum[n]; // To store ugly numbers
int i2 = 0, i3 = 0, i5 = 0;
//find next multiple as 1*2, 1*3, 1*5
int next2mul = 2;
int next3mul = 3;
int next5mul = 5;
int next = 1; //initially the ugly number is 1
uglyNum[0] = 1;
for (int i=1; i<n; i++){
next = min(next2mul, next3mul, next5mul); //find next ugly number
uglyNum[i] = next;
if (next == next2mul){
i2++; //increase iterator of ugly numbers whose factor is 2
next2mul = uglyNum[i2]*2;
}
if (next == next3mul){
i3++; //increase iterator of ugly numbers whose factor is 3
next3mul = uglyNum[i3]*3;
}
if (next == next5mul){
i5++; //increase iterator of ugly numbers whose factor is 5
next5mul = uglyNum[i5]*5;
}
}
return next; //the nth ugly number
}
int main(){
int n;
cout << "Enter term: "; cin >> n;
cout << n << "th Ugly number is: " << getUglyNum(n)<< endl;
}輸入
10
輸出
Enter term: 10 10th Ugly number is: 12
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