C++中查詢數字是否恰好有四個不同因子的查詢
在這個問題中,我們得到了Q個查詢,每個查詢都有一個數字N。我們的任務是建立一個程式來解決這些查詢,以判斷C++中一個數字是否恰好有四個不同的因子。
問題描述
為了解決每個查詢,我們需要找到數字N是否恰好有四個不同的因子。如果有,則列印YES,否則列印NO。
讓我們舉個例子來理解這個問題:
輸入:Q = 3, 4, 6, 15
輸出:NO YES YES
解釋
對於查詢1:4的因子是1, 2, 4
對於查詢2:6的因子是1, 2, 3, 6
對於查詢3:15的因子是1, 3, 5, 15
解決方案
一個簡單的解決方案是找到該數字的所有因子。這是透過查詢從1到√N的所有數字,並將計數器增加2來完成的。然後檢查計數器是否等於4,並根據其相等性列印YES或NO。
示例
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int solveQuery(int N){
int factors = 0;
for(int i = 1; i < sqrt(N); i++){
if(N % i == 0){
factors += 2;
}
}
if(factors == 4){
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int main() {
int Q = 3;
int query[3] = {4, 6, 15};
for(int i = 0; i < Q; i++){
if(solveQuery(query[i]))
cout<<"The number "<<query[i]<<" has exactly four distinct factors\n";
else
cout<<"The number "<<query[i]<<" does not have exactly four
distinct factors\n";
}
}輸出
The number 4 does not have exactly four distinct factors The number 6 has exactly four distinct factors The number 15 has exactly four distinct factors
一種有效的方法是使用數論中關於四個因子數的概念。因此,如果一個數字有四個因子,則:
如果該數字是素數的立方。那麼它將有四個不同的因子。例如,如果N = (p^3),則因子將是1, p, (p^2), N。
如果該數字是兩個不同素數的乘積。那麼它也將有四個不同的因子。例如,如果N = p1*p2,則因子將是1, p1, p2, N。
示例
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int N = 1000;
bool hasFourFactors[1000];
void fourDistinctFactors() {
bool primeNo[N + 1];
memset(primeNo, true, sizeof(primeNo));
for (int i = 2; i <= sqrt(N); i++) {
if (primeNo[i] == true) {
for (int j = i * 2; j <= N; j += i)
primeNo[j] = false;
}
}
vector<int> primes;
for (int i = 2; i <= N; i++)
if (primeNo[i])
primes.push_back(i);
memset(hasFourFactors, false, sizeof(hasFourFactors));
for (int i = 0; i < primes.size(); ++i) {
int p1 = primes[i];
if (1 *(pow(p1, 3)) <= N)
hasFourFactors[p1*p1*p1] = true;
for (int j = i + 1; j < primes.size(); ++j) {
int p2 = primes[j];
if (1 * p1*p2 > N)
break;
hasFourFactors[p1*p2] = true;
}
}
}
int main() {
int Q = 3;
int query[] = {3, 6, 15};
fourDistinctFactors();
for(int i = 0; i < Q; i++){
if(hasFourFactors[query[i]])
cout<<"The number "<<query[i]<<" has exactly four distinct
factors\n";
else
cout<<"The number "<<query[i]<<" does not have exactly four distinct factors\n";
}
return 0;
}輸出
The number 3 does not have exactly four distinct factors The number 6 has exactly four distinct factors The number 15 has exactly four distinct factors
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