在 Java 中例項化引數化型別 (泛型) 時傳遞基本值?
泛型是 Java 中的一種概念,你可以在其中允許類、介面和方法,接受所有(引用)型別作為引數。換句話說,它是一個概念,讓使用者可以選擇方法、類建構函式接受的引用型別,並進行動態操作。透過將類定義為泛型,你可以使其型別安全,即其可以在任何資料型別上執行操作。
示例
class Student<T>{ T age; Student(T age){ this.age = age; } public void display() { System.out.println("Value of age: "+this.age); } } public class GenericsExample { public static void main(String args[]) { Student<Float> std1 = new Student<Float>(25.5f); std1.display(); Student<String> std2 = new Student<String>("25"); std2.display(); Student<Integer> std3 = new Student<Integer>(25); std3.display(); } }
輸出
Value of age: 25.5 Value of age: 25 Value of age: 25
傳遞基本值
泛型型別是針對引用型別,如果將基本資料型別傳遞給它們,它會產生一個編譯時錯誤。
示例
class Student<T>{ T age; Student(T age){ this.age = age; } } public class GenericsExample { public static void main(String args[]) { Student<Float> std1 = new Student<Float>(25.5f); Student<String> std2 = new Student<String>("25"); Student<int> std3 = new Student<int>(25); } }
編譯時錯誤
GenericsExample.java:11: error: unexpected type Student<int> std3 = new Student<int>(25); ^ required: reference found: int GenericsExample.java:11: error: unexpected type Student<int> std3 = new Student<int>(25); ^ required: reference found: int 2 errors
示例
public class GenericMethod { <T>void sampleMethod(T[] array) { for(int i=0; i<array.length; i++) { System.out.println(array[i]); } } public static void main(String args[]) { GenericMethod obj = new GenericMethod(); Integer intArray[] = {45, 26, 89, 96}; obj.sampleMethod(intArray); String stringArray[] = {"Krishna", "Raju", "Seema", "Geeta"}; obj.sampleMethod(stringArray); char charArray[] = {'a', 's', 'w', 't'}; obj.sampleMethod(charArray); } }
輸出
GenericMethod.java:16: error: method sampleMethod in class GenericMethod cannot be applied to given types; obj.sampleMethod(charArray); ^ required: T[] found: char[] reason: inference variable T has incompatible bounds equality constraints: char upper bounds: Object where T is a type-variable: T extends Object declared in method <T>sampleMethod(T[]) 1 error
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