在 C++ 中使用 new 和 delete 運算子
new 運算子
new 運算子請求在堆中分配記憶體。如果可用記憶體充足,它會將記憶體初始化為指標變數,然後返回其地址。
以下是 C++ 語言中 new 運算子的語法:
pointer_variable = new datatype;
以下是初始化記憶體的語法:
pointer_variable = new datatype(value);
以下是分配一個記憶體塊的語法:
pointer_variable = new datatype[size];
以下是在 C++ 語言中使用 new 運算子的示例:
示例
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main () { int *ptr1 = NULL; ptr1 = new int; float *ptr2 = new float(223.324); int *ptr3 = new int[28]; *ptr1 = 28; cout << "Value of pointer variable 1 : " << *ptr1 << endl; cout << "Value of pointer variable 2 : " << *ptr2 << endl; if (!ptr3) cout << "Allocation of memory failed\n"; else { for (int i = 10; i < 15; i++) ptr3[i] = i+1; cout << "Value of store in block of memory: "; for (int i = 10; i < 15; i++) cout << ptr3[i] << " "; } return 0; }
輸出
Value of pointer variable 1 : 28 Value of pointer variable 2 : 223.324 Value of store in block of memory: 11 12 13 14 15
delete 運算子
delete 運算子用於取消分配記憶體。使用者有權透過此 delete 運算子取消分配已建立的指標變數。
以下是 C++ 語言中 delete 運算子的語法:
delete pointer_variable;
以下是刪除已分配記憶體塊的語法:
delete[ ] pointer_variable;
以下是在 C++ 語言中使用 delete 運算子的示例:
示例
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main () { int *ptr1 = NULL; ptr1 = new int; float *ptr2 = new float(299.121); int *ptr3 = new int[28]; *ptr1 = 28; cout << "Value of pointer variable 1 : " << *ptr1 << endl; cout << "Value of pointer variable 2 : " << *ptr2 << endl; if (!ptr3) cout << "Allocation of memory failed\n"; else { for (int i = 10; i < 15; i++) ptr3[i] = i+1; cout << "Value of store in block of memory: "; for (int i = 10; i < 15; i++) cout << ptr3[i] << " "; } delete ptr1; delete ptr2; delete[] ptr3; return 0; }
輸出
Value of pointer variable 1 : 28 Value of pointer variable 2 : 299.121 Value of store in block of memory: 11 12 13 14 15
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