Linux nslookup 命令用於排查 DNS 域名伺服器


nslookup 是一個網路管理命令列工具,可在許多計算機作業系統上使用,用於查詢域名系統 (DNS) 以獲取域名或 IP 地址對映,或獲取任何其他特定 DNS 記錄。本文詳細解釋了 **nslookup** 命令。Nslookup 可以執行在兩種模式下:**互動式**和**非互動式**。**互動式**模式用於查詢 **DNS 伺服器** 的各種域名和主機。**非互動式**模式用於查詢域名或主機的相關資訊。

要查詢域名的“A”記錄(IP 地址),請使用以下命令:

$ sudo nslookup tutorialspoint.com

示例輸出如下:

Server:      127.0.1.1
Address:     127.0.1.1#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name:       tutorialspoint.com
Address: 117.18.237.191

以上命令提供了關於 tutorialspoint.com 的資訊。非權威答案顯示了 Tutorialspoint.com 的記錄。

要進行反向域名查詢,請使用以下命令:

$ sudo nslookup 209.191.122.70

示例輸出如下:

Server:      127.0.1.1
Address:      127.0.1.1#53
Non-authoritative answer:
70.122.191.209.in-addr.arpaname = UNKNOWN-209-191-122-X.yahoo.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:

要查詢 MX(郵件交換)記錄,請使用以下命令:

$ sudo nslookup -query=mx www.yahoo.com

示例輸出如下:

Server:       127.0.1.1
Address:      127.0.1.1#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.comcanonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
wg1.b.yahoo.com
   origin = yf1.yahoo.com
   mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
   serial = 1461733777
   refresh = 30
   retry = 30
   expire = 86400
   minimum = 300

MX 記錄用於將站點名稱對映到該區域的郵件交換伺服器記錄。基本上,它說明了傳送到/或接收到的任何@yahoo.com 的郵件將路由到哪個郵件伺服器。

要查詢 NS(名稱伺服器)記錄,請使用以下命令:

$ sudo nslookup -query=ns www.yahoo.com

示例輸出如下:

Server:       127.0.1.1
Address:      127.0.1.1#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.comcanonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
wg1.b.yahoo.com
   origin = yf1.yahoo.com
   mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
   serial = 1461734024
   refresh = 30
   retry = 30
   expire = 86400
   minimum = 300

要查詢 SOA(起始授權)記錄,請使用以下命令:

$ sudo nslookup -type=soa www.yahoo.com

示例輸出如下:

Server:       127.0.1.1
Address:      127.0.1.1#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.comcanonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
wg1.b.yahoo.com
   origin = yf1.yahoo.com
   mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
   serial = 1461734126
   refresh = 30
   retry = 30
   expire = 86400
   minimum = 300

要查詢所有可用的 DNS 記錄,請使用以下命令:

$ sudo nslookup -query=any yahoo.com

示例輸出如下:

Server:    127.0.1.1
Address:   127.0.1.1#53
Non-authoritative answer:
yahoo.comhas AAAA address 2001:4998:44:204::a7
yahoo.comnameserver = ns5.yahoo.com.
yahoo.comnameserver = ns2.yahoo.com.
yahoo.comnameserver = ns6.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com
   origin = ns1.yahoo.com
   mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
   serial = 2016042624
   refresh = 3600
   retry = 300
   expire = 1814400
   minimum = 600
yahoo.com    has AAAA address 2001:4998:c:a06::2:4008
yahoo.com    mail exchanger = 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com    mail exchanger = 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com    nameserver = ns4.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com    has AAAA address 2001:4998:58:c02::a9
yahoo.com    nameserver = ns3.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com    nameserver = ns1.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com    mail exchanger = 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.
Authoritative answers can be found from:

要啟用 **除錯** 模式,請使用以下命令:

$ sudo nslookup -debug yahoo.com

示例輸出如下:

Server:       127.0.1.1
Address:      127.0.1.1#53
------------
QUESTIONS: yahoo.com, type = A, class = IN
ANSWERS:
   -> yahoo.com
   internet address = 206.190.36.45
   ttl = 810
   -> yahoo.com
   internet address = 98.139.183.24
   ttl = 810
   -> yahoo.com
   internet address = 98.138.253.109
   ttl = 810
   AUTHORITY RECORDS:
   ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
------------
Non-authoritative answer:
Name:yahoo.com
Address: 206.190.36.45
Name:yahoo.com
Address: 98.139.183.24
Name:yahoo.com
Address: 98.138.253.109

恭喜!現在您已經瞭解了“用於排查 DNS(域名伺服器)的 Linux Nslookup 命令”。我們將在下一篇文章中學習更多關於此類 Linux 命令的內容。敬請關注!

更新於:2019年10月18日

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