Java ResultSet previous() 方法及示例


當我們執行某些 SQL 查詢(通常是 SELECT 查詢)時,它們會返回表格資料。

java.sql.ResultSet 介面表示 SQL 語句返回的此類表格資料。

即,ResultSet 物件儲存由執行查詢資料庫的語句的方法(通常是 Statement 介面的 executeQuery() 方法)返回的表格資料。

ResultSet 物件有一個遊標/指標,它指向當前行。最初,此遊標位於第一行之前。

previous() 方法是 ResultSet 介面的方法,它將當前 (ResultSet) 物件的指標從當前位置移動到前一行。

此方法返回一個布林值,指定 ResultSet 物件是否包含更多行。如果在其當前位置之前沒有行,則此方法返回 false,否則返回 true。

注意:在 while 迴圈中使用此方法,您可以從後到前迭代 ResultSet 物件的內容。

Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("Select * from MyPlayers");
rs.afterLast();
rs.previous();

即,如果遊標位於倒數第二行的下一位置,並且表包含 8 行,則第一次呼叫 previous() 方法時,結果集指標/遊標將移動到第 8 行(從倒數第二位置)。

第二次呼叫 previous() 方法時,結果集遊標將移動到第 7 行。

rs.afterLast();
while(rs.previous()) {
   System.out.println(rs.getString(1));
   System.out.println(rs.getString(2));
}

示例

讓我們使用 CREATE 語句在 MySQL 資料庫中建立一個名為 MyPlayers 的表,如下所示:

CREATE TABLE MyPlayers(
   ID INT,
   First_Name VARCHAR(255),
   Last_Name VARCHAR(255),
   Date_Of_Birth date,
   Place_Of_Birth VARCHAR(255),
   Country VARCHAR(255),
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

現在,我們將使用 INSERT 語句在 MyPlayers 表中插入 7 條記錄:

insert into MyPlayers values(1, 'Shikhar', 'Dhawan', DATE('1981-12-05'), 'Delhi', 'India');
insert into MyPlayers values(2, 'Jonathan', 'Trott', DATE('1981-04-22'), 'CapeTown', 'SouthAfrica');
insert into MyPlayers values(3, 'Kumara', 'Sangakkara', DATE('1977-10-27'), 'Matale', 'Srilanka');
insert into MyPlayers values(4, 'Virat', 'Kohli', DATE('1988-11-05'), 'Delhi', 'India');
insert into MyPlayers values(5, 'Rohit', 'Sharma', DATE('1987-04-30'), 'Nagpur', 'India');
insert into MyPlayers values(6, 'Ravindra', 'Jadeja', DATE('1988-12-06'), 'Nagpur', 'India');
insert into MyPlayers values(7, 'James', 'Anderson', DATE('1982-06-30'), 'Burnley', 'England');

下面的 JDBC 程式建立與資料庫的連線,將 MyPlayers 表的內容檢索到 ResultSet 物件中,使用 previous() 方法將遊標向前移動三次,從 ResultSet 物件的倒數第二位置開始,並列印每一位置行的內容。

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class ResultSet_previous {
   public static void main(String args[]) throws SQLException {
      //Registering the Driver
      DriverManager.registerDriver(new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver());
      //Getting the connection
      String mysqlUrl = "jdbc:mysql:///mydatabase";
      Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(mysqlUrl, "root", "password");
      System.out.println("Connection established......");
      //Creating the Statement
      Statement stmt = con.createStatement(
      ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE,
      ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
      //Query to retrieve records
      String query = "Select * from MyPlayers";
      //Executing the query
      ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
      System.out.println("Contents of the last record: ");
      //Moving the cursor position next to the last row
      rs.afterLast();
      //Moving the cursor from next to last position to the last (7th) row
      rs.previous();
      //Current record details.
      System.out.print("ID: "+rs.getInt("ID")+", ");
      System.out.print("Name: "+rs.getString("First_Name")+", ");
      System.out.print("Age: "+rs.getString("Last_Name")+", ");
      System.out.print("Salary: "+rs.getDate("Date_Of_Birth")+", ");
      System.out.print("Country: "+rs.getString("Place_Of_Birth")+", ");
      System.out.print("Address: "+rs.getString("Country"));
      System.out.println();
      //Moving the cursor from 7th row to 6th row.
      rs.previous();
      //Current record details.
      System.out.print("ID: "+rs.getInt("ID")+", ");
      System.out.print("Name: "+rs.getString("First_Name")+", ");
      System.out.print("Age: "+rs.getString("Last_Name")+", ");
      System.out.print("Salary: "+rs.getDate("Date_Of_Birth")+", ");
      System.out.print("Country: "+rs.getString("Place_Of_Birth")+", ");
      System.out.print("Address: "+rs.getString("Country"));
      System.out.println();
      //Moving the cursor from 6th row to 5th row.
      rs.previous();
      //Current record details.
      System.out.print("ID: "+rs.getInt("ID")+", ");
      System.out.print("Name: "+rs.getString("First_Name")+", ");
      System.out.print("Age: "+rs.getString("Last_Name")+", ");
      System.out.print("Salary: "+rs.getDate("Date_Of_Birth")+", ");
      System.out.print("Country: "+rs.getString("Place_Of_Birth")+", ");
      System.out.print("Address: "+rs.getString("Country"));
      System.out.println();
      //Moving the cursor from 5th row to 4th row.
      rs.previous();
      //Current record details.
      System.out.print("ID: "+rs.getInt("ID")+", ");
      System.out.print("Name: "+rs.getString("First_Name")+", ");
      System.out.print("Age: "+rs.getString("Last_Name")+", ");
      System.out.print("Salary: "+rs.getDate("Date_Of_Birth")+", ");
      System.out.print("Country: "+rs.getString("Place_Of_Birth")+", ");
      System.out.print("Address: "+rs.getString("Country"));
      System.out.println();
   }
}

輸出

Connection established......
Contents of the last record:
ID: 8, Name: Ryan, Age: McLaren, Salary: 1983-02-09, Country: Kumberly, Address: null
ID: 7, Name: James, Age: Anderson, Salary: 1982-06-30, Country: Burnley , Address: England
ID: 6, Name: Ravindra, Age: Jadeja, Salary: 1988-12-06, Country: Nagpur, Address: India
ID: 5, Name: Rohit, Age: Sharma, Salary: 1987-04-30, Country: Nagpur, Address: India

更新於:2019年7月30日

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