如何解構 Oracle 中的結果?
問題
您想在 Oracle 中解構結果。
解決方案
UNPIVOT 子句是 Oracle Database 11g 的一項新增功能,使您能夠將查詢輸出中的列轉換為行,同時允許您對資料執行聚合函式。
考慮一個名為 customer 的表,其中儲存了以下資料。
示例
SELECT * FROM customers;
輸出
1 tammy.bryant@internalmail Tammy Bryant 2 roy.white@internalmail Roy White 3 gary.jenkins@internalmail Gary Jenkins 4 victor.morris@internalmail Victor Morris 5 beverly.hughes@internalmail Beverly Hughes
在 customer 表中,我們可以看到,全名有名字和姓氏,現在,讓我們將名字和姓氏分離到不同的列中。
示例
SELECT full_name, SUBSTR(full_name,1,INSTR(full_name,' ',1,1)-1) first_name, SUBSTR(full_name,INSTR(full_name,' ',-1) + 1) last_name FROM customers;
輸出
Tammy Bryant Tammy Bryant Roy White Roy White Gary Jenkins Gary Jenkins Victor Morris Victor Morris Beverly Hughes Beverly Hughes Evelyn Torres Evelyn Torres
現在,如果我們要將這些名字和姓氏列轉換為一個單獨的列,可以使用 Oracle 的 UNPIVOT 函式。
示例
SELECT DISTINCT new_column FROM ( SELECT full_name, SUBSTR(full_name,1,INSTR(full_name,' ',1,1)-1) first_name, SUBSTR(full_name,INSTR(full_name,' ',-1) + 1) last_name FROM customers ) UNPIVOT (new_column FOR ref_col2 IN (first_name,last_name));
輸出
Roy Beverly Carl Sanchez Evans Martinez Dennis Brown Deborah Carolyn Bennett Jack
資料準備:用於此問題的示例資料如下。
示例
create table customers ( customer_id integer generated by default on null as identity, email_address varchar2(255 char) not null, full_name varchar2(255 char) not null) ; insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (1,'tammy.bryant@internalmail','Tammy Bryant'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (2,'roy.white@internalmail','Roy White'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (3,'gary.jenkins@internalmail','Gary Jenkins'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (4,'victor.morris@internalmail','Victor Morris'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (5,'beverly.hughes@internalmail','Beverly Hughes'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (6,'evelyn.torres@internalmail','Evelyn Torres'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (7,'carl.lee@internalmail','Carl Lee'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (8,'douglas.flores@internalmail','Douglas Flores'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (9,'norma.robinson@internalmail','Norma Robinson'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (10,'gregory.sanchez@internalmail','Gregory Sanchez'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (11,'judy.evans@internalmail','Judy Evans'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (12,'jean.patterson@internalmail','Jean Patterson'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (13,'michelle.ramirez@internalmail','Michelle Ramirez'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (14,'elizabeth.martinez@internalmail','Elizabeth Martinez'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (15,'walter.rogers@internalmail','Walter Rogers'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (16,'ralph.foster@internalmail','Ralph Foster'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (17,'tina.simmons@internalmail','Tina Simmons'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (18,'peter.jones@internalmail','Peter Jones'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (19,'kathryn.rogers@internalmail','Kathryn Rogers'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (20,'dennis.lopez@internalmail','Dennis Lopez'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (21,'martha.baker@internalmail','Martha Baker'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (22,'raymond.bailey@internalmail','Raymond Bailey'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (23,'christopher.allen@internalmail','Christopher Allen'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (24,'jonathan.coleman@internalmail','Jonathan Coleman'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (25,'walter.turner@internalmail','Walter Turner'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (26,'anna.murphy@internalmail','Anna Murphy'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (27,'carol.alexander@internalmail','Carol Alexander'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (28,'teresa.brown@internalmail','Teresa Brown'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (29,'beverly.rivera@internalmail','Beverly Rivera'); insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (30,'lisa.hughes@internalmail','Lisa Hughes'); COMMIT;