如何使用 Surefire 和 TestNG 執行單個測試類或測試組?


Maven 是一個專案管理和理解工具,它提供了一個完整的構建生命週期框架。使用者幾乎可以立即自動化專案的構建基礎設施,因為 Maven 使用標準的目錄佈局和預設的構建生命週期。

總而言之,Maven 簡化並標準化了專案構建過程。它可以無縫地處理編譯、分發、文件、團隊協作和其他任務。Maven 提高了可重用性,並處理了大多數與構建相關的任務。

TestNG 是一個測試框架,可以使用 Maven 作為構建工具。它有助於在一個地方(pom.xml)維護依賴項及其版本。

使用者可以使用 surefire 外掛在 Maven 中執行單個類或單個測試組。當用戶使用命令列時,甚至不需要 testng.xml 來執行一個類或組。

在本文中,我們將瞭解如何透過 surefire 執行單個 TestNG 類或測試組。

解決此問題的方法/演算法

  • 步驟 1:建立一個 TestNG 類 - NewTestngClass

  • 步驟 2:在類中編寫 2 個 @Test 方法,並指定組名。

  • 步驟 3:現在建立如下所示的 testNG.xml。

  • 步驟 4:不要在 pom.xml 中新增 testng.xml 的路徑,如下所示。

  • 步驟 5:不要在 pom.xml 中的 suiteXMLFiles 後新增應執行的組名,如程式部分所示。

  • 步驟 6:現在,使用命令列執行它。

示例

以下程式碼演示如何僅從大型套件中執行 1 個測試方法

src/ NewTestngClass.java

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class NewTestngClass {

    @Test(groups = { "group1", "group3" })
    public void testCase1() {
        System.out.println("in test case 1 of NewTestngClass");
    }
   @Test(groups = { "group2", "group3" })
    public void testCase1() {
        System.out.println("in test case 2 of NewTestngClass");
    }
}  

pom.xml

這是一個 Maven 配置檔案,用於組織依賴項、外掛和執行 TestNG 測試用例。

當只需要執行有限的測試而不是完整的套件時,它非常方便。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.sample</groupId>
    <artifactId>TestNGProjectct</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.0-M5</version>
                <configuration>
                    
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>          
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng<artifactId>
            <version>7.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

執行單個類的命令

mvn test -Dtest=NewTestngClass

輸出

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------------------< com.sample:TestNGProjectct >---------------------
[INFO] Building TestNGProjectct 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\Users\anandas\IdeaProjects\TestNGProjectct\src\test\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:3.0.0-M5:test (default-test) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]  T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running TestSuite
...
... TestNG 7.3.0 by Cédric Beust (cedric@beust.com)
...
in test case 1 of NewTestngClass
in test case 2 of NewTestngClass

[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.461 s - in TestSuite
[INFO] 
[INFO] Results:
[INFO] 
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  2.838 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-02-08T16:07:17+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

執行單個組的命令

注意 - 在執行特定測試組之前,請在 pom.xml 中新增 testng.xml 路徑。

mvn test -Dgroups=group2

輸出

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------------------< com.sample:TestNGProjectct >---------------------
[INFO] Building TestNGProjectct 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\Users\anandas\IdeaProjects\TestNGProjectct\src\test\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:3.0.0-M5:test (default-test) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]  T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running TestSuite
...
... TestNG 7.3.0 by Cédric Beust (cedric@beust.com)
...

in test case 2 of NewTestngClass

[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.461 s - in TestSuite
[INFO] 
[INFO] Results:
[INFO] 
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  2.838 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-02-08T16:07:17+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

更新於:2023年8月18日

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