如何從 Maven 傳遞引數到 Java 程式碼進行測試？

TestNG 是一個測試框架，可以使用 Maven 作為構建工具。它有助於在一個地方（pom.xml）維護依賴項及其版本。

Maven 提供了使用 surefire 外掛執行的靈活性。Surefire 外掛具有從 pom.xml 向 TestNG 類或任何 Java 程式碼傳遞引數的功能。為了實現這一點，surefire 外掛還有一個名為 systemPropertyVariables 的標籤，使用者可以在其中傳遞任意數量的變數，並在執行時使用命令列將值賦予這些變數。

在本文中，我們將說明如何從 Maven 向 Java 程式碼傳遞引數。

解決此問題的方法/演算法

  • 步驟 1：建立 TestNG 類 - NewTestngClass

  • 步驟 2：在類中編寫 2 個 @Test 方法。

  • 步驟 3：在 pom.xml 中新增 systemPropertyVariable，如程式程式碼部分所示。變數為 ${env.user}

  • 步驟 4：現在在命令中執行時傳遞變數的值。

    mvn test -Denv.user=UAT

  • 步驟 5：現在，驗證是否訪問了相同的變數值。

示例

以下程式碼展示瞭如何從大型套件中執行單個測試方法。

src/test/java/NewTest.java

import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class NewTest {

    @Test()
    public void testCase1() {
        System.out.println("in test case 1 of NewTestngClass");
        System.out.println("Regression" +   System.getProperty("environment"));
    }

    @Parameters("environment")
    @Test()
    public void testCase2(String environment) {
        System.out.println("in test case 2 of NewTestngClass");
        System.out.println("Environment name is- "+environment);

    }
}

pom.xml

這是一個 Maven 配置檔案，用於組織依賴項、外掛和執行 TestNG 測試用例。

當只需要執行有限的測試而不是完整套件時，它非常方便。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.sample</groupId>
    <artifactId>TestNGProjectct</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.0-M5</version>
                <configuration>
                  <systemPropertyVariables>
                        <environment>${env.user}</environment>
                    </systemPropertyVariables>
  
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>          
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>7.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

執行特定套件的命令

請注意，如果需要排除多個套件，只需用逗號分隔所有套件名稱即可。

mvn clean test -Denv.user=UAT

輸出

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------------------< com.sample:TestNGProjectct >---------------------
[INFO] Building TestNGProjectct 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] Deleting C:\Users\anandas\IdeaProjects\TestNGProjectct\target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 8 source files to C:\Users\anandas\IdeaProjects\TestNGProjectct\target\classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to C:\Users\anandas\IdeaProjects\TestNGProjectct\target\test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:3.0.0-M5:test (default-test) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]  T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running newTest
in test case 1 of NewTestngClass
RegressionUAT
in test case 2 of NewTestngClass
Environment name is- UAT
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.614 s - in newTest
[INFO] 
[INFO] Results:
[INFO] 
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  3.468 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-02-11T09:06:48+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Process finished with exit code 0

更新於: 2023年8月17日

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