如何在 Ubuntu 上安裝和使用命令列備忘單


Cheat 是一款主要基於 Python 的命令列軟體,允許系統管理員檢視和儲存有用的備忘單。它檢索給定命令的純文字示例,這將提醒使用者選項、引數或常見用法。Cheat 用於“您經常使用的命令,但頻率不足以記住的命令”。

安裝 Cheat

在安裝 Cheat 之前,我們需要確保系統上的所有內容都已更新,如下面的命令所示:

$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

最好使用 Python 包管理器 Pip 安裝 Cheat。要安裝 pip,請使用以下命令:

$ sudo apt-get install python-pip

要安裝 cheat,請使用以下命令:

$ sudo pip install cheat

示例輸出應如下所示:

Collecting cheat
   Downloading cheat-2.1.24.tar.gz (42kB)
      100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 89kB/s
Collecting docopt>=0.6.1 (from cheat)
   Downloading docopt-0.6.2.tar.gz
Collecting pygments>=1.6.0 (from cheat)
   Downloading Pygments-2.1.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (755kB)
      100% |████████████████████████████████| 757kB 892kB/s
Installing collected packages: docopt, pygments, cheat
   Running setup.py install for docopt ... done
   Running setup.py install for cheat ... done
Successfully installed cheat-2.1.24 docopt-0.6.2 pygments-2.1.3

要驗證 cheat 是否已安裝,請使用以下命令:

$ cheat -v

示例輸出應如下所示:

cheat 2.1.24

設定文字編輯器

我們可以繼續建立自己的備忘單,Cheat 需要知道我們希望預設使用哪個文字編輯器來編輯備忘單。要設定 nano 文字編輯器,請使用以下命令:

$ export EDITOR=/usr/bin/vim

我們可以使用以下命令確認上述命令是否成功:

$ printenv EDITOR

輸出應如下所示:

/usr/bin/vim

為了使此更改在所有未來的 shell 會話中持續有效,您必須將環境變數宣告新增到您的 .bashrc 檔案中。這是在 bash shell 會話開始時執行的幾個檔案之一。要開啟 bashrc 檔案,請使用以下命令:

$ nano ~/.bashrc

示例輸出應如下所示:

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
   *i*) ;;
     *) return;;
esac
export EDITOR=/usr/bin/vim

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000

然後新增與下面相同的匯出命令

.....................................................
# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
*i*) ;;
*) return;;
esac

export EDITOR=/usr/bin/vim

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
...........................................

儲存並退出檔案。

執行 Cheat

要以最基本的形式為 tail 命令執行 Cheat,請使用以下命令:

$ cheat tail

示例輸出應如下所示:

# To show the last 10 lines of file
tail file

# To show the last N lines of file
tail -n N file

# To show the last lines of file starting with the Nth
tail -n +N file

# To show the last N bytes of file
tail -c N file

# To show the last 10 lines of file and to wait for file to grow
tail -f file

要檢視所有現有備忘單的列表,請使用以下命令:

$ cheat -l

輸出應如下所示:

7z /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/7z
ab                     /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/ab
apk                    /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/apk
apparmor               /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/apparmor
apt                    /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/apt
apt-cache              /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/apt-cache
apt-get                /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/apt-get
aptitude               /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/aptitude
asciiart               /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/asciiart
asterisk               /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/asterisk
at                     /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/at
awk                    /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/awk
bash                   /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/bash
bower                  /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/bower
chmod                  /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/chmod
chown                  /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/chown
convert                /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/convert
crontab                /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/crontab
csplit                 /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/csplit
cups                   /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/cups
curl                   /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/curl
cut                    /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/cut
date                   /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/date
dd                     /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/dd
df                     /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/df
dhclient               /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cheat/cheatsheets/dhclient
..............................................................................................

建立和編輯備忘單

要建立備忘單,請使用以下命令:

$ cheat -e tutorialspoint

上述命令 tutorialspoint 是一個備忘單名稱。它將開啟一個空白備忘單。現在新增您的備忘內容並儲存。

搜尋備忘單

要搜尋備忘單,請使用以下命令:

$ cheat -s tail

上述命令正在搜尋 tail 命令。示例輸出應如下所示:

asterisk:
   # To print out the details of SIP accounts:
dnf:
   # To search package details for the given string
dpkg:
   # List all installed packages with versions and details
hardware-info:
   # Display all hardware details
journalctl:
   # Actively follow log (like tail -f)
mdadm:
   # See detailed array confiration/status
   mdadm --detail /dev/md${M}
   mdadm --detail --scan > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
p4:
   # Print details related to Client and server configuration
pacman:
   pacman -Ql | sed -n -e 's/.*\/bin\///p' | tail -n +2
pip:
   # Show details of a package
tail:
   tail file
   tail -n N file
   tail -n +N file
   tail -c N file
   tail -f file

就是這樣。透過本文,您將能夠理解 - 如何在 Ubuntu 上安裝和使用命令列備忘單,我們將推出更多基於 Linux 的技巧和提示。繼續關注!

更新於: 2020年1月20日

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