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法律研究如何在 Linux 上使用 dmidecode 命令獲取硬體資訊
每個 Linux 使用者都應該瞭解 Linux 硬體的基本配置。目前市場上有許多工具可用於獲取 Linux 中的硬體資訊。Dmidecode 是一種用於以人類可讀格式轉儲計算機 DMI（桌面管理介面）表內容的工具。此表包含系統硬體元件的描述以及其他有用的資訊，例如序列號和 BIOS 版本。本文介紹了“如何在 Linux 上使用 Dmidecode 命令獲取硬體資訊”。
安裝 Dmidecode
要安裝 Dmidecode，請使用以下命令：
$ sudo apt-get install dmidecode
示例輸出應如下所示：
Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: dmidecode 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 45.9 kB of archives. After this operation, 196 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main dmidecode amd64 2.12-2 [45.9 kB] Fetched 45.9 kB in 0s (52.2 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package dmidecode. (Reading database ... 218604 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../dmidecode_2.12-2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking dmidecode (2.12-2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ... Setting up dmidecode (2.12-2) ... .................................
使用 Dmidecode 工具
要使用 Dmidecode 工具，請使用以下命令：
$ sudo dmidecode
示例輸出應如下所示：
# dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xcbf6b498 SMBIOS 2.8 present. 45 structures occupying 2096 bytes. Table at 0xCBD68018. Handle 0xDA00, DMI type 218, 251 bytes OEM-specific Type Header and Data: DA FB 00 DA B2 00 0D 5F 0F 37 40 7D 00 00 00 00 00 7E 00 01 00 00 00 75 01 01 80 01 00 76 01 02 80 01 00 2D 01 03 80 01 00 2E 01 04 80 00 00 4F 02 05 80 01 00 50 02 06 80 00 00 E2 01 02 00 00 00 E1 01 02 00 01 00 E3 01 02 00 02 00 58 02 20 80 00 00 57 02 20 80 01 00 9C 00 03 00 01 00 9B 00 03 00 00 00 8A 01 04 00 01 00 89 01 04 00 00 00 7F 01 05 00 00 00 80 01 05 00 01 00 53 01 06 00 00 00 52 01 06 00 01 00 7B 01 07 00 00 00 7C 01 07 00 01 00 94 01 08 00 00 00 93 01 08 00 01 00 7D 00 09 00 00 00 2D 00 0A 00 01 00 2E 00 0A 00 00 00 6E 00 0B 00 00 00 95 00 0C 00 01 00 96 00 0C 00 00 00 2F 02 0D 00 01 00 30 02 0D 00 00 00 4B 01 0E 00 01 00 4A 01 0E 00 00 00 37 01 0F 00 00 00 38 01 0F 00 01 00 39 01 0F 00 02 00 2E 02 07 80 01 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00 ........................
獲取有關 Dmidecode 的更多資訊
要獲取有關dmidecode的更多資訊，請使用以下命令：
$ dmidecode --help
示例輸出應如下所示：
Usage: dmidecode [OPTIONS] Options are: -d, --dev-mem FILE Read memory from device FILE (default: /dev/mem) -h, --help Display this help text and exit -q, --quiet Less verbose output -s, --string KEYWORD Only display the value of the given DMI string -t, --type TYPE Only display the entries of given type -u, --dump Do not decode the entries --dump-bin FILE Dump the DMI data to a binary file --from-dump FILE Read the DMI data from a binary file -V, --version Display the version and exit
要獲取有關每個裝置配置的更多資訊，請使用以下命令列語法：
$ sudo dmidecode -t Device name
例如，要獲取bios資訊，請使用以下命令：
$ sudo dmidecode -t bios
示例輸出應如下所示：
# dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xcbf6b498 SMBIOS 2.8 present. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: Dell Inc. Version: A04 Release Date: 08/05/2014 Address: 0xF0000 Runtime Size: 64 kB ROM Size: 2048 kB Characteristics: MCA is supported PCI is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available Boot from CD is supported Selectable boot is supported BIOS ROM is socketed EDD is supported 5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) Print screen service is supported (int 5h) 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h) Serial services are supported (int 14h) Printer services are supported (int 17h) CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h) ACPI is supported USB legacy is supported ATAPI Zip drive boot is supported BIOS boot specification is supported Targeted content distribution is supported UEFI is supported BIOS Revision: 0.4 Firmware Revision: 0.4 .............
要獲取系統資訊，請使用以下命令：
$ sudo dmidecode -t memory
示例輸出應如下所示：
# dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xcbf6b498 SMBIOS 2.8 present. Handle 0x0017, DMI type 17, 40 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0007 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 8192 MB Form Factor: SODIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM_A Bank Locator: Bank 0 Type: DDR3 Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 1600 MHz Manufacturer: Transcend Serial Number: 000A7430 Asset Tag: 54150300 Part Number: TS1GSK64W6H Rank: 2 Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MHz Minimum voltage: 1.350 V Maximum voltage: 1.500 V Configured voltage: 1.350 V ......................................
要獲取處理器資訊，請使用以下命令：
$ sudo dmidecode -t processor
示例輸出應如下所示：
# dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xcbf6b498 SMBIOS 2.8 present. Handle 0x0024, DMI type 4, 42 bytes Processor Information Socket Designation: SOCKET 0 Type: Central Processor Family: Core i5 Manufacturer: Intel ID: 51 06 04 00 FF FB EB BF Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 69, Stepping 1 Flags: FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) VME (Virtual mode extension) DE (Debugging extension) PSE (Page size extension) TSC (Time stamp counter) MSR (Model specific registers) PAE (Physical address extension) MCE (Machine check exception) CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported) APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported) SEP (Fast system call) MTRR (Memory type range registers) PGE (Page global enable) MCA (Machine check architecture) CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported) PAT (Page attribute table) PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension) CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported) DS (Debug store) ACPI (ACPI supported) MMX (MMX technology supported) FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported) SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions) SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2) SS (Self-snoop) HTT (Multi-threading) TM (Thermal monitor supported) PBE (Pending break enabled) Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz .............................
要獲取快取資訊，請使用以下命令：
$ sudo dmidecode -t cache
示例輸出應如下所示：
# dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xcbf6b498 SMBIOS 2.8 present. Handle 0x0006, DMI type 7, 19 bytes Cache Information Socket Designation: CPU Internal L3 Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 3 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 3072 kB Maximum Size: 3072 kB Supported SRAM Types: Unknown Installed SRAM Type: Unknown Speed: Unknown Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC System Type: Unified Associativity: 12-way Set-associative ...............................................
要獲取埠聯結器資訊，請使用以下命令：
$ sudo dmidecode port connector
示例輸出應如下所示：
# dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xcbf6b498 SMBIOS 2.8 present. 45 structures occupying 2096 bytes. Table at 0xCBD68018. Handle 0xDA00, DMI type 218, 251 bytes OEM-specific Type Header and Data: DA FB 00 DA B2 00 0D 5F 0F 37 40 7D 00 00 00 00 00 7E 00 01 00 00 00 75 01 01 80 01 00 76 01 02 80 01 00 2D 01 03 80 01 00 2E 01 04 80 00 00 4F 02 05 80 01 00 50 02 06 80 00 00 E2 01 02 00 00 00 E1 01 02 00 01 00 E3 01 02 00 02 00 58 02 20 80 00 00 57 02 20 80 01 00 9C 00 03 00 01 00 9B 00 03 00 00 00 8A 01 04 00 01 00 89 01 04 00 00 00 7F 01 05 00 00 00 80 01 05 00 01 00 53 01 06 00 00 00 52 01 06 00 01 00 7B 01 07 00 00 00 7C 01 07 00 01 00 94 01 08 00 00 00 93 01 08 00 01 00 7D 00 09 00 00 00 2D 00 0A 00 01 00 2E 00 0A 00 00 00 6E 00 0B 00 00 00 95 00 0C 00 01 00 96 00 0C 00 00 00 2F 02 0D 00 01 00 30 02 0D 00 00 00 4B 01 0E 00 01 00 4A 01 0E 00 00 00 37 01 0F 00 00 00 38 01 0F 00 01 00 39 01 0F 00 02 00 2E 02 07 80 01 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00 ................................................
恭喜！現在，您已經瞭解了“如何在 Linux 上使用 Dmidecode 命令獲取硬體資訊”。我們將在下一篇文章中學習更多關於此類命令的資訊。請繼續關注！
更新於： 2019年10月18日
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