如何使用 CSS 和 JavaScript 建立密碼驗證表單?
在註冊頁面上,您一定見過用於設定密碼的輸入欄位。輸入密碼後,驗證系統會建議您如何構建密碼。例如,密碼至少應包含一個數字、一個字元,並且至少應為 8 個字元。在本教程中,我們將瞭解如何在網頁上設定相同的密碼驗證表單。
在鍵入設定密碼時,驗證系統會給出正確的建議。讓我們看看如何實現。
建立表單
<form> 元素用於在網頁上建立表單。設定了兩個輸入欄位,一個用於使用者名稱,另一個用於密碼:
<form> <label for="uname">Username</label> <input type="text" id="uname" name="uname" required /> <label for="pass">Password</label> <input type="password" id="pass" name="pass" pattern="(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z]).{8,}" title="Must contain at least one number and one uppercase and lowercase letter, and at least 8 or more characters" required/> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form>
密碼輸入欄位模式
由於我們需要設定驗證系統,因此為密碼欄位設定了一個模式。如上所示,使用了pattern 屬性。為模式設定正則表示式以驗證使用者輸入的內容:
Pattern=”(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z]).{8,}"
密碼欄位訊息
使用title 屬性放置使用者設定密碼時可見的訊息:
title="Must contain at least one number and one uppercase and lowercase letter, and at least 8 or more characters"
檢查欄位
設定了一個複選欄位,如果使用者鍵入不正確的密碼格式,則會顯示該欄位:
#checksField { display: none; background: #f1f1f1; color: #000; position: relative; padding: 20px; margin-top: 10px; }
如果密碼輸入錯誤,則會顯示一條包含說明的訊息,即密碼必須包含以下內容:
<div id="checksField"> <h3>Password must contain the following:</h3> <p id="letter" class="wrong">A <b>lowercase</b> letter</p> <p id="capital" class="wrong">A <b>capital (uppercase)</b>letter</p> <p id="number" class="wrong">A <b>number</b></p> </div>
設定錯誤欄位
如果密碼輸入不正確,則會顯示紅色叉號:
.wrong { color: red; } .wrong:before { position: relative; left: -35px; content: "✖"; }
設定正確欄位
如果密碼輸入正確,則會顯示綠色勾號:
.correct { color: green; } .correct:before { position: relative; left: -35px; content: "✔"; }
驗證
在鍵入密碼時,會為小寫字母、大寫字母、數字等設定驗證指令碼。使用以下指令碼,顯示錯誤和正確符號:
myInput.onkeyup = function() { var lowerCaseLetters = /[a-z]/g; if (myInput.value.match(lowerCaseLetters)) { letter.classList.remove("wrong"); letter.classList.add("correct"); } else { letter.classList.remove("correct"); letter.classList.add("wrong"); } var upperCaseLetters = /[A-Z]/g; if (myInput.value.match(upperCaseLetters)) { capital.classList.remove("wrong"); capital.classList.add("correct"); } else { capital.classList.remove("correct"); capital.classList.add("wrong"); } var numbers = /[0-9]/g; if (myInput.value.match(numbers)) { number.classList.remove("wrong"); number.classList.add("correct"); } else { number.classList.remove("correct"); number.classList.add("wrong"); } };
示例
要使用 CSS 和 JavaScript 建立密碼驗證表單,程式碼如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } input { width: 100%; padding: 12px; margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 16px; } input[type="submit"] { background-color: rgb(69, 27, 117); color: white; font-weight: bold; font-size: 20px; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif; } form { padding: 20px; } #checksField { display: none; background: #f1f1f1; color: #000; position: relative; padding: 20px; margin-top: 10px; } #checksField p { padding: 10px 35px; font-size: 18px; } .correct { color: green; } .correct:before { position: relative; left: -35px; content: "✔"; } .wrong { color: red; } .wrong:before { position: relative; left: -35px; content: "✖"; } </style> </head> <body> <h1 style="text-align: center;">Password Validation Example</h1> <form> <label for="uname">Username</label> <input type="text" id="uname" name="uname" required /> <label for="pass">Password</label> <input type="password" id="pass" name="pass" pattern="(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z]).{8,}" title="Must contain at least one number and one uppercase and lowercase letter, and at least 8 or more characters" required/> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> <div id="checksField"> <h3>Password must contain the following:</h3> <p id="letter" class="wrong">A <b>lowercase</b> letter</p> <p id="capital" class="wrong">A <b>capital (uppercase)</b>letter</p> <p id="number" class="wrong">A <b>number</b></p> </div> <script> var myInput = document.getElementById("pass"); var letter = document.getElementById("letter"); var capital = document.getElementById("capital"); var number = document.getElementById("number"); myInput.onfocus = function() { document.getElementById("checksField").style.display = "block"; }; myInput.onblur = function() { document.getElementById("checksField").style.display = "none"; }; myInput.onkeyup = function() { var lowerCaseLetters = /[a-z]/g; if (myInput.value.match(lowerCaseLetters)) { letter.classList.remove("wrong"); letter.classList.add("correct"); } else { letter.classList.remove("correct"); letter.classList.add("wrong"); } var upperCaseLetters = /[A-Z]/g; if (myInput.value.match(upperCaseLetters)) { capital.classList.remove("wrong"); capital.classList.add("correct"); } else { capital.classList.remove("correct"); capital.classList.add("wrong"); } var numbers = /[0-9]/g; if (myInput.value.match(numbers)) { number.classList.remove("wrong"); number.classList.add("correct"); } else { number.classList.remove("correct"); number.classList.add("wrong"); } }; </script> </body> </html>
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