如何使用 CSS 和 JavaScript 建立密碼驗證表單?


在註冊頁面上,您一定見過用於設定密碼的輸入欄位。輸入密碼後,驗證系統會建議您如何構建密碼。例如,密碼至少應包含一個數字、一個字元,並且至少應為 8 個字元。在本教程中,我們將瞭解如何在網頁上設定相同的密碼驗證表單。

在鍵入設定密碼時,驗證系統會給出正確的建議。讓我們看看如何實現。

建立表單

<form> 元素用於在網頁上建立表單。設定了兩個輸入欄位,一個用於使用者名稱,另一個用於密碼:

<form>
   <label for="uname">Username</label>
   <input type="text" id="uname" name="uname" required />
   <label for="pass">Password</label>
   <input type="password" id="pass" name="pass" pattern="(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z]).{8,}" title="Must contain at least one number and one uppercase and lowercase letter, and at least 8 or more characters" required/>
   <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>

密碼輸入欄位模式

由於我們需要設定驗證系統,因此為密碼欄位設定了一個模式。如上所示,使用了pattern 屬性。為模式設定正則表示式以驗證使用者輸入的內容:

Pattern=”(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z]).{8,}"

密碼欄位訊息

使用title 屬性放置使用者設定密碼時可見的訊息:

title="Must contain at least one number and one uppercase and lowercase letter, and at least 8 or more characters"

檢查欄位

設定了一個複選欄位,如果使用者鍵入不正確的密碼格式,則會顯示該欄位:

#checksField {
   display: none;
   background: #f1f1f1;
   color: #000;
   position: relative;
   padding: 20px;
   margin-top: 10px;
}

如果密碼輸入錯誤,則會顯示一條包含說明的訊息,即密碼必須包含以下內容:

<div id="checksField">
   <h3>Password must contain the following:</h3>
   <p id="letter" class="wrong">A <b>lowercase</b> letter</p>
   <p id="capital" class="wrong">A <b>capital (uppercase)</b>letter</p>
   <p id="number" class="wrong">A <b>number</b></p>
</div>

設定錯誤欄位

如果密碼輸入不正確,則會顯示紅色叉號:

.wrong {
   color: red;
}
.wrong:before {
   position: relative;
   left: -35px;
   content: "✖";
}

設定正確欄位

如果密碼輸入正確,則會顯示綠色勾號:

.correct {
   color: green;
}
.correct:before {
   position: relative;
   left: -35px;
   content: "✔";
}

驗證

在鍵入密碼時,會為小寫字母、大寫字母、數字等設定驗證指令碼。使用以下指令碼,顯示錯誤和正確符號:

myInput.onkeyup = function() {
   var lowerCaseLetters = /[a-z]/g;
   if (myInput.value.match(lowerCaseLetters)) {
      letter.classList.remove("wrong");
      letter.classList.add("correct");
   } else {
      letter.classList.remove("correct");
      letter.classList.add("wrong");
   }
   var upperCaseLetters = /[A-Z]/g;
   if (myInput.value.match(upperCaseLetters)) {
      capital.classList.remove("wrong");
      capital.classList.add("correct");
   } else {
      capital.classList.remove("correct");
      capital.classList.add("wrong");
   }
   var numbers = /[0-9]/g;
   if (myInput.value.match(numbers)) {
      number.classList.remove("wrong");
      number.classList.add("correct");
   } else {
      number.classList.remove("correct");
      number.classList.add("wrong");
   }
};

示例

要使用 CSS 和 JavaScript 建立密碼驗證表單,程式碼如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
   <style>
      * {
         box-sizing: border-box;
      }
      input {
         width: 100%;
         padding: 12px;
         margin-top: 6px;
         margin-bottom: 16px;
      }
      input[type="submit"] {
         background-color: rgb(69, 27, 117);
         color: white;
         font-weight: bold;
         font-size: 20px;
         font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
      }
      form {
         padding: 20px;
      }
      #checksField {
         display: none;
         background: #f1f1f1;
         color: #000;
         position: relative;
         padding: 20px;
         margin-top: 10px;
      }
      #checksField p {
         padding: 10px 35px;
         font-size: 18px;
      }
      .correct {
         color: green;
      }
      .correct:before {
         position: relative;
         left: -35px;
         content: "✔";
      }
      .wrong {
         color: red;
      }
      .wrong:before {
         position: relative;
         left: -35px;
         content: "✖";
      }
   </style>
</head>
<body>
   <h1 style="text-align: center;">Password Validation Example</h1>
   <form>
      <label for="uname">Username</label>
      <input type="text" id="uname" name="uname" required />
      <label for="pass">Password</label>
      <input type="password" id="pass" name="pass" pattern="(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z]).{8,}" title="Must contain at least one number and one uppercase and lowercase letter, and at least 8 or more characters" required/>
      <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
   </form>
   <div id="checksField">
      <h3>Password must contain the following:</h3>
      <p id="letter" class="wrong">A <b>lowercase</b> letter</p>
      <p id="capital" class="wrong">A <b>capital (uppercase)</b>letter</p>
      <p id="number" class="wrong">A <b>number</b></p>
   </div>
   <script>
      var myInput = document.getElementById("pass");
      var letter = document.getElementById("letter");
      var capital = document.getElementById("capital");
      var number = document.getElementById("number");
      myInput.onfocus = function() {
         document.getElementById("checksField").style.display = "block";
      };
      myInput.onblur = function() {
         document.getElementById("checksField").style.display = "none";
      };
      myInput.onkeyup = function() {
         var lowerCaseLetters = /[a-z]/g;
         if (myInput.value.match(lowerCaseLetters)) {
            letter.classList.remove("wrong");
            letter.classList.add("correct");
         } else {
            letter.classList.remove("correct");
            letter.classList.add("wrong");
         }
         var upperCaseLetters = /[A-Z]/g;
         if (myInput.value.match(upperCaseLetters)) {
            capital.classList.remove("wrong");
            capital.classList.add("correct");
         } else {
            capital.classList.remove("correct");
            capital.classList.add("wrong");
         }
         var numbers = /[0-9]/g;
         if (myInput.value.match(numbers)) {
            number.classList.remove("wrong");
            number.classList.add("correct");
         } else {
            number.classList.remove("correct");
            number.classList.add("wrong");
         }
      };
   </script>
</body>
</html>

更新於: 2023-12-08

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