如何建立一個Dalvik不會殺死的Android服務?
在進入示例之前,我們應該瞭解Android中的服務是什麼。服務將在後臺執行而無需與UI互動,即使活動銷燬後它也能繼續工作。
此示例演示瞭如何建立一個Dalvik不會殺死的Android服務。
步驟 1 - 在Android Studio中建立一個新專案,轉到檔案⇒新建專案,並填寫所有必要的資訊以建立新專案。
步驟 2 - 將以下程式碼新增到res/layout/activity_main.xml中。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "match_parent" tools:context = ".MainActivity"> <TextView android:id = "@+id/text" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:text = "Start Service" android:textSize = "25sp" app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "parent" /> </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
在上面的程式碼中,我們使用了TextView,當用戶點選TextView時,它將啟動和停止服務。
步驟 3 - 將以下程式碼新增到src/MainActivity.java中
package com.example.andy.myapplication;
import android.app.ActivityManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
final TextView text = findViewById(R.id.text);
text.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (isMyServiceRunning(service.class)) {
text.setText("Stoped");
stopService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, service.class));
} else {
text.setText("Started");
startService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, service.class));
}
}
});
}
private boolean isMyServiceRunning(Class<?> serviceClass) {
ActivityManager manager = (ActivityManager) getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
for (ActivityManager.RunningServiceInfo service : manager.getRunningServices(Integer.MAX_VALUE)) {
if (serviceClass.getName().equals(service.service.getClassName())) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}在上面的程式碼中,啟動和停止服務。我們使用了Intent並傳遞了上下文和服務類。現在在包資料夾中建立一個服務類,如service.class,並新增以下程式碼 -
package com.example.andy.myapplication;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationChannel;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.PowerManager;
import android.support.annotation.RequiresApi;
import android.support.v4.app.NotificationCompat;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class service extends Service {
PowerManager pm;
@SuppressLint("InvalidWakeLockTag")
PowerManager.WakeLock wl;
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
@SuppressLint("InvalidWakeLockTag")
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
pm = (PowerManager) getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
wl = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.SCREEN_DIM_WAKE_LOCK, "My Tag");
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN)
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
wl.acquire();
//Do some task
Toast.makeText(this, "Notification Service started by user.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return START_STICKY;
}
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
wl.release();
Toast.makeText(this, "Notification Service destroyed by user.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}在上面的程式碼中,我們呼叫了電源管理器來停止螢幕鎖定,因此Android執行緒不會停止服務執行緒,如下所示 -
@SuppressLint("InvalidWakeLockTag")
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
pm = (PowerManager) getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
wl = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.SCREEN_DIM_WAKE_LOCK, "My Tag");
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN)
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
wl.acquire();
//Do some task
Toast.makeText(this, "Notification Service started by user.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return START_STICKY;
}
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
wl.release();
Toast.makeText(this, "Notification Service destroyed by user.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}步驟 4 - 將以下程式碼新增到manifest.xml中
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package = "com.example.andy.myapplication"> <uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.WAKE_LOCK"/> <application android:allowBackup = "true" android:icon = "@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label = "@string/app_name" android:roundIcon = "@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" android:supportsRtl = "true" android:theme = "@style/AppTheme"> <activity android:name = ".MainActivity"> <intent-filter> <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <service android:name = ".service"/> </application> </manifest>
讓我們嘗試執行您的應用程式。我假設您已將您的實際Android移動裝置連線到您的計算機。要從Android Studio執行應用程式,請開啟專案的其中一個活動檔案,然後單擊工具欄中的執行
圖示。選擇您的移動裝置作為選項,然後檢查您的移動裝置,它將顯示您的預設螢幕 -

以上結果是初始螢幕,點選TextView,它將啟動通知服務,如下所示 -

在以上結果中,服務已啟動,現在點選TextView,它將停止通知服務,如下所示 -

點選這裡下載專案程式碼
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