C++ STL 中 Map 和 Multimap 的降序排序
通常,map 和 multimap 的預設行為是按升序儲存元素。但是,我們可以使用 greater 函式將元素儲存在降序中。
降序排列的 map
此處使用的函式:
m::find() – 如果找到,則返回 map 中鍵值為 'b' 的元素的迭代器,否則返回指向 end 的迭代器。
m::erase() – 從 map 中刪除鍵值。
m:: equal_range() – 返回一對迭代器。該對指的是包含容器中所有鍵等效於 key 的元素的範圍的邊界。
m insert() – 將元素插入 map 容器。
m size() – 返回 map 容器中元素的數量。
m count() – 返回 map 中鍵值為 'a' 或 'f' 的元素的匹配數。
示例程式碼
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main () {
map<char, int,greater <int>> m;
map<char, int>::iterator it;
m.insert (pair<char, int>('a', 10));
m.insert (pair<char, int>('b', 20));
m.insert (pair<char, int>('c', 30));
m.insert (pair<char, int>('d', 40));
cout<<"Size of the map: "<< m.size() <<endl;
cout << "map contains:\n";
for (it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it)
cout << (*it).first << " => " << (*it).second << '\n';
for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'd'; c++) {
cout << "There are " << m.count(c) << " element(s) with key " << c << ":";
map<char, int>::iterator it;
for (it = m.equal_range(c).first; it != m.equal_range(c).second; ++it)
cout << ' ' << (*it).second;
cout << endl;
}
if (m.count('a'))
cout << "The key a is present\n";
else
cout << "The key a is not present\n";
if (m.count('f'))
cout << "The key f is present\n";
else
cout << "The key f is not present\n";
it = m.find('b');
m.erase (it);
cout<<"Size of the map: "<<m.size()<<endl;
cout << "map contains:\n";
for (it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it)
cout << (*it).first << " => " << (*it).second << '\n';
return 0;
}輸出
Size of the map: 4 map contains: d => 40 c => 30 b => 20 a => 10 There are 1 element(s) with key a: 10 There are 1 element(s) with key b: 20 There are 1 element(s) with key c: 30 There are 1 element(s) with key d: 40 The key a is present The key f is not present Size of the map: 3 map contains: d => 40 c => 30 a => 10
降序排列的 Multimap
此處使用的函式
mm::find() – 如果找到,則返回 multimap 中鍵值為 'b' 的元素的迭代器,否則返回指向 end 的迭代器。
mm::erase() – 從 multimap 中刪除鍵值。
mm:: equal_range() – 返回一對迭代器。該對指的是包含容器中所有鍵等效於 key 的元素的範圍的邊界。
mm insert() – 將元素插入 multimap 容器。
mm size() – 返回 multimap 容器中元素的數量。
示例程式碼
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main () {
multimap<char, int,greater <char>> mm;
multimap<char, int>::iterator it;
mm.insert (pair<char, int>('a', 10));
mm.insert (pair<char, int>('b', 20));
mm.insert (pair<char, int>('a', 30));
mm.insert (pair<char, int>('b', 40));
cout<<"Size of the multimap: "<< mm.size() <<endl;
cout << "multimap contains:\n";
for (it = mm.begin(); it != mm.end(); ++it)
cout << (*it).first << " => " << (*it).second << '\n';
for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'd'; c++) {
cout << "There are " << mm.count(c) << " elements with key " << c << ":";
map<char, int>::iterator it;
for (it = mm.equal_range(c).first; it != mm.equal_range(c).second; ++it)
cout << ' ' << (*it).second;
cout << endl;
}
if (mm.count('a'))
cout << "The key a is present\n";
else
cout << "The key a is not present\n";
if (mm.count('f'))
cout << "The key f is present\n";
else
cout << "The key f is not present\n";
it = mm.find('b');
mm.erase (it);
cout<<"Size of the multimap: "<<mm.size()<<endl;
cout << "multiap contains:\n";
for (it = mm.begin(); it != mm.end(); ++it)
cout << (*it).first << " => " << (*it).second << '\n';
return 0;
}輸出
Size of the multimap: 4 multimap contains: b => 20 b => 40 a => 10 a => 30 There are 2 elements with key a: 10 30 There are 2 elements with key b: 20 40 There are 0 elements with key c: There are 0 elements with key d: The key a is present The key f is not present Size of the multimap: 3 multiap contains: b => 40 a => 10 a => 30
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