C++ 程式在 STL 中實現對映
對映是一個關聯容器,以對映方式儲存元素。每個元素都有鍵值和對映的值。沒有兩個對映值可以具有相同的鍵值。
這裡使用的函式
m::find() – 如果發現,則返回對映中鍵值為“b”的元素的迭代器;否則,返回迭代器以結束。
m::erase() – 從對映中刪除鍵值。
m:: equal_range() – 返回對的迭代器。該對引用包含容器中所有與鍵等效的元素的範圍的邊界。
m insert() – 在對映容器中插入元素。
m size() – 返回對映容器中的元素數量。
m count() – 返回對映中鍵值為“a”或“f”的元素的匹配數。
示例程式碼
#include<iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main () {
map<char, int> m;
map<char, int>::iterator it;
m.insert (pair<char, int>('a', 10));
m.insert (pair<char, int>('b', 20));
m.insert (pair<char, int>('c', 30));
m.insert (pair<char, int>('d', 40));
cout<<"Size of the map: "<< m.size() <<endl;
cout << "map contains:\n";
for (it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it)
cout << (*it).first << " => " << (*it).second << '\n';
for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'd'; c++) {
cout << "There are " << m.count(c) << " element(s) with key " << c << ":";
map<char, int>::iterator it;
for (it = m.equal_range(c).first; it != m.equal_range(c).second; ++it)
cout << ' ' << (*it).second;
cout << endl;
}
if (m.count('a'))
cout << "The key a is present\n";
else
cout << "The key a is not present\n";
if (m.count('f'))
cout << "The key f is present\n";
else
cout << "The key f is not present\n";
it = m.find('b');
m.erase (it);
cout<<"Size of the map: "<<m.size()<<endl;
cout << "map contains:\n";
for (it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it)
cout << (*it).first << " => " << (*it).second << '\n';
return 0;
}輸出
Size of the map: 4 map contains: a => 10 b => 20 c => 30 d => 40 There are 1 element(s) with key a: 10 There are 1 element(s) with key b: 20 There are 1 element(s) with key c: 30 There are 1 element(s) with key d: 40 The key a is present The key f is not present Size of the map: 3 map contains: a => 10 c => 30 d => 40
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