Rust 程式設計中的強制轉換
在 Rust 中只允許強制轉換或顯式轉換,編譯器不會自動進行隱式轉換。眾所周知,在許多情況下,隱式轉換會導致資料丟失,這是一個嚴重的問題。
在不同型別之間轉換的規則與 C 語言非常相似。但是,在 Rust 中,當我們要從一種型別轉換為另一種型別時,我們使用 as 關鍵字。
示例
考慮以下示例
// Suppress all warnings from casts which overflow. #![allow(overflowing_literals)] fn main() { let decimal = 65.43_f32; // Error! No implicit conversion // let integer: u8 = decimal; // FIXME ^ Comment out this line // Explicit conversion let integer = decimal as u8; let character = integer as char; println!("Casting: {} -> {} -> {}", decimal, integer, character); }
在上面的程式碼示例中,我們嘗試將一個 float32 值轉換為一個整數,然後將該整數轉換為一個 char,最後將它們列印到終端。
輸出
Casting: 65.43 -> 65 -> A
如果我們刪除對隱式轉換的註釋,則編譯器將丟擲一個錯誤。
示例
考慮下面顯示的更新後的程式碼
// Suppress all warnings from casts which overflow. #![allow(overflowing_literals)] fn main() { let decimal = 65.43_f32; // Error! No implicit conversion let integer: u8 = decimal; // FIXME ^ Comment out this line // Explicit conversion let integer = decimal as u8; let character = integer as char; println!("Casting: {} -> {} -> {}", decimal, integer, character); }
輸出
error[E0308]: mismatched types --> src/main.rs:8:23 | 8| let integer: u8 = decimal; | -- ^^^^^^^ expected `u8`, found `f32` | | | expected due to this
從 Rust 1.45 開始,當我們將浮點數轉換為整數時,‘as’ 關鍵字還會執行 飽和轉換。
示例
考慮下面顯示的程式碼作為一個示例
// Suppress all warnings from casts which overflow. #![allow(overflowing_literals)] fn main() { // 300.0 is 255 println!("301.0 is {}", 301.0_f32 as u8); // -100.0 as u8 is 0 println!("-101.0 as u8 is {}", -101.0_f32 as u8); // nan as u8 is 0 println!("nan as u8 is {}", f32::NAN as u8); }
輸出
301.0 is 255 -101.0 as u8 is 0 nan as u8 is 0
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