如何在 JavaScript 物件建構函式中新增屬性?
在本文中,我們將介紹如何在 JavaScript 中向 JavaScript 物件建構函式新增屬性,並提供相應的示例。
向物件建構函式新增屬性與向普通物件新增屬性不同。如果要新增屬性,必須在建構函式本身中新增,而不是在建構函式外部新增,而在普通物件中,可以在任何地方新增。
為了更好地理解給定的任務,讓我們深入瞭解 JavaScript 中建構函式的語法和用法。
語法
建構函式的語法如下:
Constructor(); // No parameters Constructor(param1); //One parameter constructor Constructor(param1,param2,…,paramN) // N-parameter constructor.
其中param1,param2,..paramN 是傳遞給建構函式的引數。
示例 1
這是一個向 JS 物件建構函式新增屬性的示例程式。在這個例子中,我們將引數作為屬性新增到建構函式中。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset ="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv ="X-UA-Compatible" content ="IE=edge"> <meta name ="viewport" content ="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>To add a method to a JavaScript Object Constructor.</title> </head> <body style="text-align : center"> <h3>Add a method to a JavaScript Object Constructor.</h3> <p id="prop-to-obj"></p> <script> function Car(name, model, year, color) { this.Name = name; this.Model = model; this.Year = year; this.Color = color; this.type = 'SUV' } var car1 = new Car("Maruti", "Vitara Brezza", "2016", "Red"); document.getElementById("prop-to-obj").innerHTML = car1.Name+" is of "+car1.type+" type"; </script> </body> </html>
執行以上程式碼後,將生成以下輸出。
示例 2
這是一個將方法作為屬性新增到 JS 物件建構函式的示例程式。我們可以將函式作為屬性新增到物件中。然後可以將它們稱為方法。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset ="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv ="X-UA-Compatible" content ="IE=edge"> <meta name ="viewport" content ="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>To add a method to a JavaScript Object Constructor.</title> </head> <body style="text-align : center"> <h3>Add a method to a JavaScript Object Constructor.</h3> <p id="method-to-obj-constructor"></p> <script> function Car(name, model, year, color) { this.Name = name; this.Model = model; this.Year = year; this.Color = color; this.type = 'SUV'; this.description = function() { return this.Name+" is of "+this.Model+" model and launched in the year "+this.Year+" and is of "+this.type+" type." } } var car1 = new Car("Maruti", "Vitara Brezza", "2016", "Red"); document.getElementById("method-to-obj-constructor").innerHTML = car1.description(); </script> </body> </html>
執行以上程式碼後,將生成以下輸出。
示例 3
這是一個向 JavaScript 物件建構函式新增屬性(方法和引數)的示例程式。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>To add a method to a JavaScript Object Constructor.</title> </head> <body style="text-align : center"> <h3>Add a method to a JavaScript Object Constructor.</h3> <p id="method-to-obj-constructor"></p> <script> function Student(name, rollNo, course) { this.Name = name; this.RNo = rollNo; this.course = course; this.year = "2022"; this.college = "St. Xaviers College"; this.studentDetails = function () { return this.Name + " with roll number " + this.RNo + " is a student of : " + this.college; } } var studentObj = new Student("Harsha", "17355B07C7", "CSE"); document.getElementById("method-to-obj-constructor").innerHTML = studentObj.studentDetails(); </script> </body> </html>
執行以上程式碼後,將生成以下輸出。
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