MySQL 檢視可能存在不一致的情況,我們如何確保其一致性?
對於可更新檢視,我們有可能更新透過檢視不可見的表資料,因為我們建立檢視是為了顯示錶的區域性資料。這種更新會導致檢視不一致。我們可以透過在建立或修改檢視時使用**WITH CHECK OPTION**來確保檢視的一致性。雖然WITH CHECK OPTION 子句是CREATE VIEW語句的可選部分,但它對於使檢視保持一致性非常有用。
基本上,WITH CHECK OPTION子句阻止我們更新或插入透過檢視不可見的行。簡單來說,我們可以說在使用WITH CHECK OPTION子句後,MySQL會確保插入或更新操作符合檢視的定義。以下是WITH CHECK OPTION子句的語法:
語法
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view_name AS Select_statement WITH CHECK OPTION;
示例
為了說明上述概念,我們使用表“Student_info”中的以下資料:
mysql> Select * from student_info; +------+---------+------------+------------+ | id | Name | Address | Subject | +------+---------+------------+------------+ | 101 | YashPal | Amritsar | History | | 105 | Gaurav | Chandigarh | Literature | | 125 | Raman | Shimla | Computers | | 130 | Ram | Jhansi | Computers | +------+---------+------------+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.08 sec)
現在,藉助以下查詢,我們將建立名為“Info”的檢視。在這裡,我們沒有使用WITH CHECK OPTION。
mysql> Create OR Replace VIEW Info AS Select Id, Name, Address, Subject from student_info WHERE Subject = 'Computers'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.46 sec) mysql> Select * from info; +------+-------+---------+-----------+ | Id | Name | Address | Subject | +------+-------+---------+-----------+ | 125 | Raman | Shimla | Computers | | 130 | Ram | Jhansi | Computers | +------+-------+---------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
由於我們沒有使用WITH CHECK OPTION,因此我們可以在“Info”中插入/更新新行,即使它與定義不匹配。這在以下查詢及其結果中進行了說明:
mysql> INSERT INTO Info(Id, Name, Address, Subject) values(132, 'Shyam','Chandigarh', 'Economics'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.37 sec) mysql> Select * from student_info; +------+---------+------------+------------+ | id | Name | Address | Subject | +------+---------+------------+------------+ | 101 | YashPal | Amritsar | History | | 105 | Gaurav | Chandigarh | Literature | | 125 | Raman | Shimla | Computers | | 130 | Ram | Jhansi | Computers | | 132 | Shyam | Chandigarh | Economics | +------+---------+------------+------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> Select * from info; +------+-------+---------+-----------+ | Id | Name | Address | Subject | +------+-------+---------+-----------+ | 125 | Raman | Shimla | Computers | | 130 | Ram | Jhansi | Computers | +------+-------+---------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以上結果集顯示新行與“Info”的定義不匹配,因此在檢視中不可見。現在,在以下查詢中,我們建立了相同的檢視“Info”。
透過使用“WITH CHECK OPTION”:
mysql> Create OR Replace VIEW Info AS Select Id, Name, Address, Subject from student_info WHERE Subject = 'Computers' WITH CHECK OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
現在,如果我們嘗試插入與檢視“Info”的定義匹配的行,MySQL允許我們這樣做。這可以從以下查詢及其結果中得到證實。
mysql> INSERT INTO Info(Id, Name, Address, Subject) values(133, 'Mohan','Delhi','Computers'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec) mysql> Select * from info; +------+-------+---------+-----------+ | Id | Name | Address | Subject | +------+-------+---------+-----------+ | 125 | Raman | Shimla | Computers | | 130 | Ram | Jhansi | Computers | | 133 | Mohan | Delhi | Computers | +------+-------+---------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
但是,如果我們嘗試插入與檢視“Info”的定義不匹配的行,MySQL將不允許我們這樣做,並丟擲錯誤:
mysql> INSERT INTO Info(Id, Name, Address, Subject) values(134, 'Charanjeet','Amritsar','Geophysics'); ERROR 1369 (HY000): CHECK OPTION failed
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