Java 中的值傳遞和引用傳遞
值傳遞是指用值作為引數來呼叫方法。透過這種方式,引數值被傳遞給形參。
而引用傳遞是指用引用作為引數來呼叫方法。透過這種方式,引數引用被傳遞給形參。
在值傳遞中,對傳遞的引數進行的修改不會反映到呼叫者的作用域中,而在引用傳遞中,對傳遞的引數進行的修改是持久的,並且更改會反映到呼叫者的作用域中。
以下是值傳遞的示例:
以下程式展示了按值傳遞引數的示例。即使在方法呼叫之後,引數的值也保持不變。
示例 - 值傳遞
public class Tester{ public static void main(String[] args){ int a = 30; int b = 45; System.out.println("Before swapping, a = " + a + " and b = " + b); // Invoke the swap method swapFunction(a, b); System.out.println("
**Now, Before and After swapping values will be same here**:"); System.out.println("After swapping, a = " + a + " and b is " + b); } public static void swapFunction(int a, int b) { System.out.println("Before swapping(Inside), a = " + a + " b = " + b); // Swap n1 with n2 int c = a; a = b; b = c; System.out.println("After swapping(Inside), a = " + a + " b = " + b); } }
輸出
這將產生以下結果:
Before swapping, a = 30 and b = 45 Before swapping(Inside), a = 30 b = 45 After swapping(Inside), a = 45 b = 30 **Now, Before and After swapping values will be same here**: After swapping, a = 30 and b is 45
示例 - 引用傳遞
Java 在傳遞引用變數時也只使用值傳遞。它會建立引用的副本,並將它們作為值傳遞給方法。由於引用指向物件的同一地址,因此建立引用的副本不會造成任何危害。但是,如果將新物件分配給引用,則不會反映出來。
public class JavaTester { public static void main(String[] args) { IntWrapper a = new IntWrapper(30); IntWrapper b = new IntWrapper(45); System.out.println("Before swapping, a = " + a.a + " and b = " + b.a); // Invoke the swap method swapFunction(a, b); System.out.println("
**Now, Before and After swapping values will be different here**:"); System.out.println("After swapping, a = " + a.a + " and b is " + b.a); } public static void swapFunction(IntWrapper a, IntWrapper b) { System.out.println("Before swapping(Inside), a = " + a.a + " b = " + b.a); // Swap n1 with n2 IntWrapper c = new IntWrapper(a.a); a.a = b.a; b.a = c.a; System.out.println("After swapping(Inside), a = " + a.a + " b = " + b.a); } } class IntWrapper { public int a; public IntWrapper(int a){ this.a = a;} }
這將產生以下結果:
輸出
Before swapping, a = 30 and b = 45 Before swapping(Inside), a = 30 b = 45 After swapping(Inside), a = 45 b = 30 **Now, Before and After swapping values will be different here**: After swapping, a = 45 and b is 30
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